Chapter 1 · Arjuna's Despair

अर्जुनArjuna speaks

Text 1.44

उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन नरकेऽनियतं वासो भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम

utsanna-kula-dharmāṇāṁ manuṣhyāṇāṁ janārdana narake ‘niyataṁ vāso bhavatītyanuśhuśhruma

Recitation · Text 1.44
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Word-for-Word Śabda-Artha (10 words)

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Purport Overview & Key Insights

Arjuna cites received wisdom — 'we have heard' — rather than his own direct realization, showing that some of his fear rests on inherited belief he has not personally examined.

✨ Devotional Takeaway:Even Arjuna's own case rests partly on assumption rather than direct insight — a gap Krishna's teaching will address at length.